Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that leads to stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. It develops gradually and can significantly impede daily activities. While many patients respond well to conservative treatments such as physical therapy and corticosteroid injections, some cases may require surgical intervention. In this article, we will explore the role of surgery in treating frozen shoulder, highlighting the various surgical options and when they are deemed necessary.

Surgery for frozen shoulder is typically considered when non-surgical methods fail to alleviate symptoms over an extended period, usually six months to a year. Surgery aims to relieve pain and restore mobility to the shoulder joint. There are two primary surgical procedures commonly used in the treatment of frozen shoulder: arthroscopic capsular release and manipulation under anesthesia.

Arthroscopic Capsular Release: This minimally invasive procedure involves the use of an arthroscope, a small camera that allows the surgeon to view the inside of the shoulder joint. The surgeon will then make small incisions and utilize specialized instruments to cut through the thickened and tight capsule surrounding the shoulder. By releasing this capsule, the range of motion can be improved significantly. Recovery from arthroscopic capsular release is generally quicker than open surgery, and physical therapy usually follows to expedite healing and restore function.

Manipulation Under Anesthesia: In this procedure, the patient is placed under general anesthesia, allowing the surgeon to maneuver the shoulder joint to break up scar tissue and adhesions that have formed around the joint. This technique can be effective in restoring movement and is often followed by a rigorous rehabilitation program. Patients should be aware that manipulation under anesthesia may lead to a temporary increase in pain and stiffness before improvement is felt.

Both surgical techniques have their pros and cons. While arthroscopic capsular release offers the advantage of minimal incisions and a quicker recovery, it may not be suitable for every patient. Similarly, manipulation under anesthesia can provide immediate relief but carries risks of shoulder instability or recurrence of stiffness. It's crucial for patients to discuss these options extensively with their healthcare provider to determine the most suitable approach for their specific condition.

After surgery, guidance from a physical therapist is vital. A structured rehabilitation program tailored to the individual's needs will facilitate recovery and reinstate the shoulder's full function. Adherence to post-operative recovery protocols plays a significant role in the overall success of the treatment.

In conclusion, while many cases of frozen shoulder can be effectively managed through conservative treatments, surgical intervention may become necessary for those who experience prolonged symptoms. Innovations in surgical techniques have enhanced the prospects for successful outcomes, empowering patients to regain their mobility and quality of life. If you are suffering from frozen shoulder, consider consulting an orthopedic specialist to explore your treatment options and discuss the potential role of surgery in your recovery plan.