Tendon injuries in the hand and upper extremity can be challenging, often requiring surgical intervention to restore function and mobility. This article provides a comprehensive step-by-step guide on hand and upper extremity surgery specifically focused on tendon repair.

Understanding Tendon Injuries

Tendons are the fibrous tissues that connect muscle to bone, and they play a crucial role in movement. Injuries can occur due to trauma, repetitive stress, or medical conditions. Common tendon injuries in the hand include flexor tendon injuries, extensor tendon injuries, and trigger finger.

Preoperative Assessment

The first step in tendon repair surgery is a thorough preoperative assessment. This typically involves:

• Medical History Review: Evaluating past injuries, underlying health conditions, and previous surgeries.
• Physical Examination: Assessing range of motion, strength, and any functional impairments.
• Imaging Studies: Utilizing X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds to evaluate the extent of the injury.

Preparation for Surgery

Once the assessment is complete, preparation for surgery begins. This includes:

• Patient Education: Informing the patient about the surgical process, risks, and expected outcomes.
• Anesthesia Consultation: Discussing anesthesia options, whether local, regional, or general.
• Preoperative Instructions: Guidelines on fasting, medications to avoid, and any necessary lifestyle changes.

Surgical Procedure

The surgical procedure for tendon repair can vary based on the type and severity of the injury. However, the basic steps involved are:

1. Incision: A surgical incision is made near the injury site to access the damaged tendon.
2. Tendon Visualization: The surgeon examines the tendon and surrounding structures, assessing the need for repair.
3. Tendon Repair: Depending on the injury, the surgeon may stitch the tendon together using sutures. If the tendon is severely damaged, grafting may be necessary.
4. Closure: Once the tendon is repaired, the surgeon closes the incision using sutures or staples.

Postoperative Care

Postoperative care is crucial for successful recovery. Key steps include:

• Pain Management: Prescribing medications to control pain and discomfort.
• Immobilization: Using splints or casts to immobilize the hand and promote healing.
• Physical Therapy: Initiating therapy as soon as advised by the surgeon to maintain range of motion and strength.

Expected Outcomes

Patients can typically expect a gradual return of function following tendon repair surgery. The timeline for recovery varies, often ranging from a few weeks to several months, depending on the complexity of the injury and individual healing processes. Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments to the rehabilitation plan.

Conclusion

Hand and upper extremity surgery for tendon repair is a complex but often necessary procedure that can significantly improve a patient’s quality of life. Understanding the steps involved, from assessment to postoperative care, empowers patients to engage actively in their recovery process. Always consult with a qualified hand surgeon for personalized advice and treatment options.