Nerve compression is a common issue that can lead to pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand and upper extremities. Various surgical options are available to relieve symptoms and restore function. Below are the types of hand and upper extremity surgeries commonly performed for nerve compression:

1. Carpal Tunnel Release

Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve becomes compressed as it travels through the wrist. The carpal tunnel release surgery involves cutting the ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel, thereby relieving pressure on the median nerve. This procedure can be performed through open surgery or with endoscopic techniques, which utilize smaller incisions for quicker recovery.

2. Ulnar Nerve Transposition

The ulnar nerve, which runs along the inner side of the elbow (often associated with “funny bone” sensations), can become compressed at the elbow. Ulnar nerve transposition surgery involves moving the nerve to a different position, which can prevent it from becoming pinched, especially when the arm is bent. This procedure is beneficial for patients experiencing ulnar nerve entrapment symptoms such as tingling in the ring and little fingers.

3. Decompression for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

Cubital tunnel syndrome is another type of nerve compression affecting the ulnar nerve at the elbow. The surgical approach for decompression involves removing tissue or bone around the nerve to provide relief. This not only eases symptoms but also helps restore function in the affected hand.

4. Radial Nerve Compression Release

Radial nerve compression can occur due to various factors, including prolonged pressure on the nerve, such as from sleeping with the arm inappropriately positioned. Surgical options may include decompression techniques that alleviate pressure on the radial nerve, particularly in cases where conservative treatments have failed.

5. Peripheral Nerve Grafts

In some cases, nerve compression may lead to nerve injury or degeneration that requires more extensive repair. Peripheral nerve grafting involves taking a nerve segment from another part of the body and using it to repair the damaged area. This type of surgery is particularly crucial in restoring function when nerves are severely damaged or compressed.

6. Endoscopic Nerve Surgery

With advancements in medical technology, endoscopic approaches to nerve surgery have become increasingly popular. This minimally invasive technique allows surgeons to visualize the nerves using a tiny camera and specialized instruments. Endoscopic procedures can significantly reduce recovery times while effectively relieving nerve compression symptoms.

7. Reconstruction Surgery

When nerve compression has resulted in significant damage or functional loss, reconstruction surgery may be required. This can involve multiple techniques, including repairing surrounding soft tissues or stabilizing joints to prevent further compression. The goal is to restore as much function as possible and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Choosing the appropriate surgical option for nerve compression in the hand and upper extremities depends on several factors, including the specific type of compression, the patient’s overall health, and the severity of symptoms. Patients should consult with a qualified orthopedic or hand surgeon to discuss the most effective treatment plan tailored to their individual needs.

In conclusion, there are various surgical options available for nerve compression in the hand and upper extremities. From carpal tunnel release to complex reconstruction surgeries, advancements in surgical techniques continue to improve outcomes for patients suffering from nerve compression syndromes.